Men and Women are Made Not Born Essay Example for Free

People are Made Not Born Essay In this exposition I will expound on how ladies and men are made not conceived. I will beintroducing various societies and their perspectives on people, how ladies at onestage in time didn't reserve any privileges to become what they needed, I will give my thoughts onthe subject and I will likewise investigate different creators work to get an alternate assortment about whywomen and men are made not conceived. Right off the bat I will begin by exploring various societies and their lifestyles. This reallyinterests me since it is acceptable to perceive how various individuals and their nations truly andfrom one another. In Australia people are equal,they both can work in any activity they want, the two of them reserve the privilege to cast a ballot and do battle. It was not generally like this however in Australia, it was quite a while until ladies got equalright to men. It was the nineteenth century when ladies were given the option to cast a ballot andto represent political race into parliament. In spite of the fact that it was not until the 1960s to the 1970swhen ladies picked up correspondence with men with work, the law and general social standing. Ifwe investigate a very surprising nation like Afghanistan, ladies are made bytheir fathers and spouses. Marriage for ladies is picked by their families, ladies mustbe totally secured by a long cover and joined by a male relative when theyleave the house and ladies must do what they are told by their dads and spouses. Soas we can see, it is hard for ladies in Afghanistan to become what they need and be whothey need to be. Another culture I need to take a gander at is the means by which ladies became men in the mountains ofNorthern Albania. A young lady or her folks could choose to make them a male, circumstanceswhich would emerge so as to do so would be that their spouses or fathers kicked the bucket at war orhad passed on from different reasons, so the wives or little girls would take on the lead job for thehousehold. They would become men in the event that they needed to work and fabricate their communitiesinto something better, for instance, working in the Communist Party Action Group, youcould just be a male to be a part. So as to escape an orchestrated marriage orprotection against the abducting and dealing of young ladies, it was simpler for girlsto become men. What I am attempting to state with exploring various societies is that in certain nations menand ladies can pick how they need their lives to turn out and make a future forthemselves not at all like different nations where people groups lives are compensated for them. Another way we could take a gander at the point Men and Women are Made Not Born is thatmen and ladies need to procure what they need to accomplish, they are not simply brought into the world with theirtalents. For instance, on the off chance that an individual works admirably for somebody, at that point they are going torecommend them to others, in this way accomplishing a decent notoriety. As ( Mead, G 2007,p. 29) cites oneself is something which has a turn of events: it isn't at first there abirth, yet emerges during the time spent social experience and movement. This implies whenchildren are conceived they don't quickly have the social aptitudes they require in life to dowell for themselves. The youngster needs to experience an advancement which gradually teachesthem their fundamental abilities. It is dependent upon the person to choose what they need to accomplish in life,they have the decision to carry on their instruction in what ever field they decide to bettertheir risks in the work power. The equivalent in the work power, individuals need to betterthemselves to show improvement over others, to contend with the opposition so as to get thejob. With an individual developing themselves in all sort of perspectives, they are probably going to geta great notoriety and make a big deal about themselves. This demonstrates the heading Men andWomen are Made Not Born. In Australia it is a free nation, everyone has the privilege to do or become what they wantto become. I accept the term people are made not conceived, to imply that it is up toboth people to make their lives and accomplish what they need throughout everyday life. Everybodyis their own special individual. Regardless of whether they are Australian, Chinese, Asian, American andso on, with their very own convictions. I surmise the principle reason I have concentrated on culturesis in light of the fact that I accept that a people culture massively affects the ways of life theylive which forms a person into their own one of a kind, extraordinary individual. References: Components that realized the womens development, www.skwirk.com.auAlessandro Monsutti, Culture of AFGHANISTAN, www.everyculture.comBessant, J. Watts, R. (2007) Sociology Australia, Allen Unwin. NSW. Gardner, J. (1987) Atlas of the World, Australia: Readers Digest. McWhirter, N. (1999) Book of Millennium Records, Virgin Publishings: Great Britain. Youthful, A. 2007, Once Were Women, Good Weekend, 20st October, 47-48. Mead, G 2007, The Self in Classic Readings in Sociology, Mind, Self and Society, pp25-32

How Can Lufthansa Airlines Improve Their Customer Satisfaction in Essay

By what means Can Lufthansa Airlines Improve Their Customer Satisfaction in Comparison with Singapore Airlines - Essay Example The point of this examination is to discover the variables that have an impact on consumer loyalty. The examination centers around the methodology dependent on which Lufthansa Airlines can improve consumer loyalty when contrasted with Singapore Airlines as far as more noteworthy manageability. In this regard, the examination stresses distinguishing the reasons that are responsible for client disappointment dependent on the investigation of yearly reports of the particular organizations and other applicable hypotheses. Administration quality is one of the fundamental variables dependent on which the carrier business can lead tasks in a practical way. The significant test looked by the aircraft business is to offer incredible support and incentive to its travelers. The nature of administration gave by the business ought to be as per the interest of the clients with the expectation of guaranteeing most extreme fulfillment of clients. Fast advancement in the aircraft business and the exp ansion in rivalry in both created just as creating economies have made it basic for carrier organizations to assess the administrations gave by them. Serious issues looked by the aircraft ventures are with respect to dealing with the fluctuating requests as a result of the presentation of different minimal effort carriers giving comparative sort of administrations. Different difficulties are keeping up the better nature of administration all together than keep up client unwaveringness. As indicated by the yearly survey of IATA in the year 2014, it has been distinguished that the carrier business has been performing tasks in a powerful way. In 2013, it has been evaluated that travelers and freight of around 3.3 billion and ‘50 million metric tons’ separately have been moved effectively. Also, the industry has been fruitful in improving the worldwide GDP condition. The business is likewise distinguished to serve more than 50,000 courses.

Fall Travel

Fall Travel This is my last week in the office before I hit the road to come see some of you guys. I have mixed feelings about recruitment travel I like the recruitment, not the travel. Im looking forward to the school visits and the big regional info sessions. Im not looking forward to the endless sea of rental cars, maps, airports, hotel rooms, and fast food. Generally this fits the pattern of every trip Ive ever taken happy once Im there, but hate getting there. :-) No worries though by the time I see any of you, Ill be so relieved to have made it there in one piece that Ill be in a great mood! This fall will bring me to Connecticut (central mtg in Hartford on 9/19), New York (central mtg in Westchester County on 9/20), Pennsylvania (central mtg in Philly on 9/25), and New Jersey (central mtgs in East Brunswick on 9/27 and in Hackensack on 9/28). In the middle of that I head down to Tampa for the NACAC Conference, where Matt and I will be presenting these blogs and encouraging other colleges and universities to join us in demystifying the admissions process. Were hoping that lots of other schools will begin blog programs so that you can get real and honest perspectives from staff and students at every school that interests you. Some of you have written to ask about the regional info sessions (we call them central meetings) and how much overlap there is with the on-campus info sessions. On campus, your info session is followed by a campus tour, so we can take for granted that youre going to see MIT. When were on the road, we cant make that assumption, so we try to bring the feel of the campus to you. We use short videos and lots of photos throughout the presentation to supplement the information, but the basic information is the same. If youve visited MIT, attended the info session here, and taken the campus tour, youll find much of the actual content to be somewhat repetitive. This doesnt mean you shouldnt come youll still get to meet the alumni interviewers for your area (ECs) and ask questions, etc. But if youve already visited campus and youre choosing between this info session and (as one reader asked) your upper level math class at a community college, dont miss the class. Those of you who havent visited campus, however BE THERE! These regional info sessions are designed specifically for you. Ill definitely blog from the road whenever I can find a wifi connection. And if Im coming to a city near you, see you soon!

Theme of Family in The Grapes of Wrath - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1278 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/05/13 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Grapes of Wrath Essay Did you like this example? Today if anything is trying to hold you back, give no attention to it. Get your hopes up, get your faith up, look up, and get ready to rise up (Germany Kent). These words of encouragement by Germany Kent advise others to stay sturdy in the toughest of situations. In the novel, The Grapes of Wrath, the author John Steinbeck strongly emphasizes the theme of poverty, unjust, and the human spirit. Based on the migrant workers during Americas Dust Bowl, the Joad family faces many difficult struggles such as hunger and the loss of their home. Despite the various factors that pushed the family away from each other at times, Ma Joad stands there as a backbone who helps pull the family back together promising to assuage the future in hope of prosperity. Jim Casy is an ex-preacher who ends up coming across Tom Joad; he teaches the family members about the impact of any situation in an individuals life and the search within, to find out ones identity. The Joad family is forced to start a new life in California with their heads up in search of better opportunities and new jobs. Expressed through their actions and beliefs, both Ma Joad and Jim Casy exhibit strong leadership that fuels the perseverance of their surrounding characters. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Theme of Family in The Grapes of Wrath" essay for you Create order Ma Joad exhibits an immense amount of self-control and selflessness during her familys frustrations and struggles during their journey. Nevertheless, Ma realizes that the family will only be successful if she remains serene in any situation that approaches her. She does not get furious like the rest of the family, but rather stays tranquil and does not remonstrate with Ruthie when she tells others about Toms secret. Warren Motley discusses in his work how Ma Joad acts as a cohesive force within the family to survive the long expedition. By usurping the patriarchs role as the head of the family, Ma breaks tradition to achieve what is needed for the family (Motley 6). Before the journey even takes a start, Grandpa refuses not to come in the Joads truck, so Ma Joad mixes in sleep time cough medicine in his coffee, which makes him go to sleep. During the journey to California, the family takes a pit stop because of a truck damage. Tom suggests that the rest of the family keep moving forw ard and that he will see them in California. Ma, however, is desperate to prevent the family from breaking up and insists, I aint a-gonna go (Steinbeck 168). Shortly after the Joad family enters the Route 66 to California, Grandmas health begins to decline. Grandma becomes seriously ill shortly after; therefore, Ma Joad nurses her. In fact, Ma wants the family to cross this strenuous journey and to have unity throughout. She tries to keep Grandmas death a secret because she knows this will cause the family to be discouraged. When the family pulls their car into the patrol area to cross the border, the officers ask to see Grandma. Ma persuades the officers that Grandma is extremely ill and that she needs serious assistance, letting them pass through. During Rose of Sharons pregnancy, Ma stands by her side: providing her food, taking care of her health, and fulfilling her needs. She continuously shapes Rose of Sharon into the independent women she needs to become. Nonetheless, she nurtures her so later in life she can provide for others. Mas sweet voice is expressed to be, so soft, so full of love, that tears crowded into Rose of Sharons eyes (Steinbeck 110). Rose of Sharon understands Ma because she knows that she is preparing her for al l the burdens that come into a womans life. Warren discusses the final disastrous chapters where Ma Joad takes in hand the familys money, handles Ruthies betrayal of Toms hiding place, finds the family work, leads them away from the flooded railroad car, and finally urges Rose of Sharon to suckle the starving man (Motley 9). Ma Joad is the battery of this family since she always keeps it going in the right direction to achieve their dreams. This novel discusses many of the diverse characters who experience uncertainty through growth and many hardships. Jim Casy is an ex-preacher who comes across a former preacher, Tom Joad. He performs several sacrifices for the better of the family. During a crime scene when Tom nearly gets arrested, Casy takes the blame and gets arrested for the scuffle in Hooverville symbolizing Casys god-like behavior. Casy Jim realizes through the actions and behaviors of the people, when he is in the unemployed and homeless campsite; he realizes that the people do not have sufficient amount of wage to live. His sympathy and desire to better those around him lead him to create a workers union: demanding a better pay for the poor migrant workers. In contrast, the employers do not like this so Jim is labeled as red which means someone who stirs up many problems. Jim Casy guides Tom to follow his footsteps. As shown in Chapter 28 when Tom is giving Ma an explanation regarding Jim and his death, he strongly expressesWherever theys a fight so hungry people can eat, Ill be there. Wherever theys a cop beatin up a guy, Ill be there See? God, Im talkin like Casy. Comes of thinkin about him so much. Seems like I can see him sometimes (Steinbeck, 419). Exhibited from this quote, Casy led people in finding their faith. The critic Rachel McCoppin makes a powerful connection on Jim Casys role in the novel: he compares Jim to Jesus Christ in the bible by saying, Casy does not merely want to preach Gods word, but to experience lifes hardship first hand alongside othersin a way Jesus did as well (McCoppin 6). Similar to Christs sacrifice, Jim ends up dying due to his act of resisting the injustices of the people. Jims legacy is passed on to those like Tom who will continue what he has started. Ma Joad and Jim Casy keep the family glued together through thick and thin. Ma Joad in the novel focuses on one goal which was to put humanity first; she exemplifies this when she kindly asks for Mr. and Mrs. Wilson to accompany the Joad family to California. After a lengthy time in the jail, Jim comes up with ways he can be salutary to earn money for the poor migrant workers. Ma and Jim convey the same perspective when Jim vents, Theys gonna come somepin outa all these folks goin wes- outa all their farms lef lonely. Theys gonna come a thing thats gonna change the whole country (Steinbeck 117). To sum up,Similarly, Jim Casy preaches the fact that everyone is part of the same soul; through this statement we can see the reason that Ma Joad wanted everyone to go to California together was so they can become more united, and hit the same struggles. Through the actions and words of Ma Joad and the preaching philosophy of Jim Casy, the Joad family stays intact throughout their journey to California. Ma Joad believes in togetherness and makes suitable decisions for her family and others accompanying them. Through various examples of Mas leadership qualities, Ma always exhorts the family to stay as one because if they are together they can carry out any task given. Jim Casy tries to fight for justice for the workers, but in doing so he gets killed. At first, Tom only cares about himself and focuses on how he can succeed on his own, but soon his thoughts line up with Jims. Ma Joads selfless acts and Jims death gave everyone a new beginning, and a reason to live with hope and endurance.

The Effects Of Working Memory On Decision Making Of Heroin...

The current paper examined the effects of working memory on decision making in cocaine addicts and healthy controls. As expected, we found that cocaine addicts exhibited decreased decision making performance compared to the healthy controls. Additionally, working memory was demonstrated to decrease decision making performance among participants. However, the combined effects of working memory and addiction on decision making resulted in an interaction. These findings support results from prior studies (Bechara Martin, 2004; Corbin, McElroy, Black, 2010; Grant, Contoreggi, London, 2000; Shiv Fedorikhin, 1999; Yan et al., 2014). Cocaine addicts exhibited decreased decision making performance on the Iowa Gambling Task compared to healthy controls. Previous findings have demonstrated similar results (Bechara Martin, 2004; Grant, Contoreggi, London, 2000; Yan et al., 2014). For example, Grant, Contoreggi, and London (2000) also found that addicted individuals performed worse on the Iowa Gambling Task compared to healthy controls. In the study done by Grant, Contoreggi, and London (2000), a majority of the drug addicts preferred to select cards from the decks that resulted in higher initial gains but also resulted in higher total losses. They explained that the relationship between addiction and decreased performance on the Iowa Gambling Task was due to increased impulsivity in drug addicts (Grant, Contoreggi, London, 2000). Our current findings support theseShow MoreRelatedAddiction : Decision Or Disease Essay2021 Words   |  9 PagesAddiction: Decision or Disease According to The National Institute on Drug Abuse, â€Å"addiction is a chronic, often relapsing brain disease that causes compulsive drug seeking and use, despite harmful consequences to the addicted individual and to those around him or her† (Drug Facts, 2012). 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Norman Swartz, Simon Fraser University v Acknowledgments For the 1993 edition: The following friends and colleagues deserve thanks for their

Escaping the void Free Essays

Two months before I boarded the ship, I was sitting, trying to relax, on the veranda of a hotel, in Cairo accompanied by my friend William Sloper. A rather odd looking little man approached me; and with meaningful words he cautioned my subsequent journey’s traveled by boat as he explained that in a dream he had seen me afloat on an open boat. He tried to assure me that I was to lose everything except my life. We will write a custom essay sample on Escaping the void or any similar topic only for you Order Now I was bemused and seemed to doubt the little mans words, I handed him a small amount of coins then sat, gazing at him as he proceeded and disappeared into the teeming crowd. Until the 10th April I thought nothing more of the peculiar man until I realized that today I was embarking on a journey across the water to New York, 4 days before the ship began its’ decent to the depths below, we were all so unaware. Looking at the sheer beauty of the vast body we were boarding, the man’s words passed through my head, I only thought to myself, † Don’t be stupid, the Titanic is made so it is unsinkable† and ensue to join my parents on the ship. I had been given just one cabins, C – 23 which was occupied by myself, and my father. He had helped design the ship. When the Titanic struck the iceberg, he held himself responsible. Many beautiful decorations covered the room giving it it’s glory; so perfect and precise with great space and luxury. As the ship set sail on her maiden voyage, at noon to New York, you could hear the cheers from the crowd below. We stood waving, leaning over the banisters lining the ship, calling to anyone we saw. Smiles lined our faces and our eyes gleamed, we were all ecstatic, pleased that we had our place on the pride of the ocean. Impressive gold banisters lined the marble stairs leading into the enormous ballroom; chandeliers hung covering the ceiling with their light and sparkle. We were jolly and pleased to be where we were. We loved the relaxation everyday and the fun we had all night, even on that terrible night, we were spinning around the dance floor until the ship suddenly shuddered greatly and slowed to a stop. Nobody was worried, the ship could not sink, but the aged mans’ words continued to flow through my head, worried thoughts began in my mind and showed on my face, † I will lose everything but my life†. I stood still thinking just before my brother grabbed me and spun me round the dance floor, a fake smile showed on my face but it was only to please. My father had left to ask what had happened and overheard Captain Smith ordering the watertight doors to be shut to â€Å"prevent any more damage and determine the destruction already through†. Mr. Andrews had left with fear on his face as soon as it had happened and turned up by my fathers’ side with what looked like plans to my father. They proceeded to disappear into a small room accompanied by the Captain. My father returned to reveal all, he told us to gather ourselves together. He was not a stern man by nature; but he was now. He was also a very sensible man. We were to stay where we were as he needed us to be ready quickly. I hurried below deck to retrieve his and my own warm coat. I was now becoming petrified, the others on board were still calm, and everyone else on the ship was continuing as if nothing had happened. Though of course, they weren’t privileged with the knowledge that I had. My father returned again his face was rather pale, following him were many of the ships crewmembers who proceeded to hand out life jackets and tell everyone to put them on and also warm clothes, I took mine and correctly placed it over her head and tied the long straps around my waist. One of the crew spoke, â€Å"there is nothing to worry about just Captains precautions†. A massive bang went off, which I later found out was a distress signal he continued, â€Å"Make sure warm clothing is worn and that people begin to make their way outside†. Others made many complaints around me but we did as we were told, no arguments or conversation. It was cold outside, and ice was scattered over the deck. I rubbed my hands together, my father grabbed them and rubbed them for warmth, â€Å"stay calm, everything will be fine†, I smiled shyly as a tear left my eye, was this what the man meant, I was going to lose my family. I was now very scared for all the bellow and holler of voices, the bang of the distress signals, and the screeching of boats as they were prepared for lowering. The crew thought that this was pointless, they shared the feeling of false security that nothing was going to happen. However, soon children and female members of the passengers aboard were being asked to climb into the boats and were lowered out to sea. Crying began as families were split up, I held onto my father knowing that this would happen to us, my fathers would be made to stay. Though deep down, I knew that he intended to go down with the ship. We snuggled together for warmth as the noise continued around us, hardly uttering words to one another, just trying to keep warm. Time had past, I am not sure how long. Many lifeboats had now been lowered and were moving away from the ship, and now we were being ushered onto one, lifeboat 10. My father hugged me, and we whispered our goodbyes; he assured me that he would be there to see me when we found our way across the sea. I knew this was not to be true. My eyes were stinging trying to hold back the forceful tears; I could not stop thinking of the brave men and boys who were to be left behind. As the boat was lowered I called, â€Å"I love you† him as he disappeared from view, my last memory was of him shaking hands with Mr. Andrews, both standing in their white life jackets. My head was aching, the false smile flew from my face. Around me, families were huddled together, trying to keep warm. There were emotional mothers, wailing for their husbands and sons. The boat was rowed away from the ship, I gasped at the sight, the ship was already tilting. Many windows were disappearing from view. I thought for the first time of the other passengers. Hundreds of people lined the decks. The last lifeboat had left. As I glanced around, searching for the other boats, disgust filled my thoughts. Rich, prominent women were in lifeboats, which were purposely half-filled. As they had material wealth, they needn’t care about the sacrifice of others. I felt compelled to stand up and say something, though the cowardice within me kept me silent. I turned away staring into the dark sky lit by many tiny white stars. More hours passed, I wouldn’t turn around; more boats were surrounding us as we moved further away, my eyes were red and sore yet the tears still flowed, yet I was no-longer sad but now angry. Why should I live and everyone else die? I longed to be by my father’s side, but I knew that he was gone. The sound grew, crashes and explosions. The cries grew louder but I never turned, I would not see it go down. I was too scared, too pathetic. I forced my self to turn just as the boat crashed down to the depths below. There were bodies everywhere, strewn around the wake of the ship. We never returned, another ship, the Carpathia arrived at the scene taking the surviving people on board. I remember little, around me, mothers franticly calling for their families, their children weeping heavily. They knew they were lost. I did not cry anymore. I shivered not only from the cold, but of the fright. That man new this was to happen. How? I was too tired to sleep, too confused to think. As we arrived finally in New York I realised that I was to meet my fiancà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, the crowd all wept. Many were greeting relatives, asking helplessly if we had seen their loved ones. Keith stood in the crowd. I saw him, my face lit instantly but only for a second. I ran towards him and just let him hold me for a while; he knew not to speak yet. I never forget the event, I think about what I should have done, I should have made them go for survivors or stayed with my father. I regret many things but my family was always there to bring me hope through the hard times. How to cite Escaping the void, Papers

Correspondence Procedures free essay sample

For administrative assistance, have your training officer or NCO log on to the MCI home page at www. mci. usmc. mil. Marines CONUS may call toll free 1-800-MCI-USMC. Marines worldwide may call commercial (202) 6857596 or DSN 325-7596. MCI Course 0131K iii (This page intentionally left blank. ) MCI Course 0131K iv Study Guide Congratulations Congratulations on your enrollment in a distance education course from the Distance Learning and Technologies Department (DLTD) of the Marine Corps Institute (MCI). Since 1920, the Marine Corps Institute has been helping tens of thousands of hard-charging Marines, like you, improve their technical job performance skills through distance learning. By enrolling in this course, you have shown a desire to improve the skills you have and master new skills to enhance your job performance. The distance learning course you have chosen, MCI 0131K, Correspondence Procedures, provides instruction to all Marines having administrative duties. This course consists of providing basic information on methods of preparing, typing, and filing correspondence. †¢ Your Personal Characteristics YOU ARE PROPERLY MOTIVATED. You have made a positive decision to get training on your own. Self-motivation is perhaps the most important force in learning or achieving anything. Doing whatever is necessary to learn is motivation. You have it! YOU SEEK TO IMPROVE YOURSELF. You are enrolled to improve those skills you already possess, and to learn new skills. When you improve yourself, you improve the Corps! YOU HAVE THE INITIATIVE TO ACT. By acting on your own, you have shown you are a self-starter, willing to reach out for opportunities to learn and grow. YOU ACCEPT CHALLENGES. You have self-confidence and believe in your ability to acquire knowledge and skills. You have the selfconfidence to set goals and the ability to achieve them, enabling you to meet every challenge. YOU ARE ABLE TO SET AND ACCOMPLISH PRACTICAL GOALS. You are willing to commit time, effort, and the resources necessary to set and accomplish your goals. These professional traits will help you successfully complete this distance learning course. Continued on next page †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ MCI Course 0131K v Study Guide, Continued Beginning Your Course Before you actually begin this course of study, read the student information page. If you find any course materials missing, notify your training officer or training NCO. If you have all the required materials, you are ready to begin. To begin your course of study, familiarize yourself with the structure of the course text. One way to do this is to read the table of contents. Notice the table of contents covers specific areas of study and the order in which they are presented. You will find the text divided into several study units. Each study unit is comprised of two or more lessons and lesson exercises. Leafing Through the Text Leaf through the text and look at the course. Read a few lesson exercise questions to get an idea of the type of material in the course. If the course has additional study aids, such as a handbook or plotting board, familiarize yourself with them. The First Study Unit Turn to the first page of study unit 1. On this page, you will find an introduction to the study unit and generally the first study unit lesson. Study unit lessons contain learning objectives, lesson text, and exercises. Reading the Learning Objectives Learning objectives describe in concise terms what the successful learner, you, will be able to do as a result of mastering the content of the lesson text. Read the objectives for each lesson and then read the lesson text. As you read the lesson text, make notes on the points you feel are important. Completing the Exercises To determine your mastery of the learning objectives and text, complete the exercises developed for you. Exercises are located at the end of each lesson, and at the end of each study unit. Without referring to the text, complete the exercise questions and then check your responses against those provided. Continued on next page MCI Course 0131K vi Study Guide, Continued Continuing to March Continue on to the next lesson, repeating the above process until you have completed all lessons in the study unit. Follow the same procedures for each study unit in the course. Preparing for the Final Exam To prepare for your final exam, you must review what you learned in the course. The following suggestions will help make the review interesting and challenging. †¢ CHALLENGE YOURSELF. Try to recall the entire learning sequence without referring to the text. Can you do it? Now look back at the text to see if you have left anything out. This review should be interesting. Undoubtedly, you’ll find you were not able to recall everything. But with a little effort, you’ll be able to recall a great deal of the information. USE UNUSED MINUTES. Use your spare moments to review. Read your notes or a part of a study unit, rework exercise items, review again; you can do many of these things during the unused minutes of every day. APPLY WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED. It is always best to use the skill or knowledge you’ve learned as soon as possible. If it isn’t possible to actually use the skill or knowledge, at least try to imagine a situation in which you would apply this learning. For example make up and solve your own problems. Or, better still, make up and solve problems that use most of the elements of a study unit. USE THE â€Å"SHAKEDOWN CRUISE† TECHNIQUE. Ask another Marine to lend a hand by asking you questions about the course. Choose a particular study unit and let your buddy â€Å"fire away. † This technique can be interesting and challenging for both of you! MAKE REVIEWS FUN AND BENEFICIAL. Reviews are good habits that enhance learning. They don’t have to be long and tedious. In fact, some learners find short reviews conducted more often prove more beneficial. Continued on next page †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ MCI Course 0131K vii Study Guide, Continued Tackling the Final Exam When you have completed your study of the course material and are confident with the results attained on your study unit exercises, take the sealed envelope marked â€Å"FINAL EXAM† to your unit training NCO or training officer. Your training NCO or officer will administer the final examination and return the examination and the answer sheet to MCI for grading. Before taking your final examination, read the directions on the DP-37 answer sheet carefully. Completing Your Course The sooner you complete your course, the sooner you can better yourself by applying what you’ve learned! HOWEVERyou do have 2 years from the date of enrollment to complete this course. Graduating! As a graduate of this distance education course and as a dedicated Marine, your job performance skills will improve, benefiting you, your unit, and the Marine Corps. Semper Fidelis! MCI Course 0131K viii STUDY UNIT 1 NAVAL WRITING STANDARDS Overview Understanding and applying naval writing standards is critical for commands to properly communicate with one another. Correspondence must be clearly presented, grammatically correct, and easily understood by the reader. This study unit will provide you with the knowledge needed to properly write naval correspondence. Upon completion of this study unit, you should be able to apply the principles and standards of naval correspondence, proper writing techniques, and stationery and typeface rules. This study unit contains the following lessons: Lesson Proper Writing Techniques Principles and Standards of Naval Correspondence Revising Correspondence See Page 1-3 1-39 1-57 Scope Contents In This Study Unit MCI Course 0131K 1-1 Study Unit 1 (This page intentionally left blank. ) MCI Course 0131K 1-2 Study Unit 1 LESSON 1 PROPER WRITING TECHNIQUES Introduction Whether writing formal or informal correspondence, you must clearly state the message so the reader easily understands it. In this lesson, you will learn basic grammar rules and techniques for clear and effective writing. Upon completion of this lesson, you should be able to †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Use proper punctuation in correspondence. Use proper capitalization in correspondence. Use proper spelling in correspondence. Properly organize writing. Apply active voice to correspondence. Scope Learning Objectives In This Lesson This lesson contains the following topics: Topic Introduction Background Punctuation Capitalization Spelling Organized Writing Natural Writing Economical Writing Active Voice Lesson 1 Exercise See Page 1-3 1-4 1-5 1-9 1-14 1-17 1-21 1-27 1-31 1-35 MCI Course 0131K 1-3 Study Unit 1, Lesson 1 Background Information for this study unit came from the following reference material. †¢ SECNAVINST 5216. 5D, Department of the Navy Correspondence Manual, specifically Chapter 3, Naval Writing Standards References United States Air Force Academy Executive Writing Course †¢ United States Government Printing Office Style Manual, viewable online at http://www. gpoaccess. gov/stylemanual/browse. html Note: The Department of the Navy Correspondence Manual is commonly referred to as the Navy Correspondence Manual. Guidance All Marines who draft, review, or sign correspondence should read and follow the naval writi ng standards outlined in chapter 3 of the Navy Correspondence Manual. MCI Course 0131K 1-4 Study Unit 1, Lesson 1 Punctuation This lesson covers punctuation most commonly used in naval correspondence. For assistance with punctuation not covered here or for additional information, check out the U. S. Government Printing Office Style Manual, any good dictionary, or enroll in MCI Course 0119H, Punctuation. Use an apostrophe (’) to show possession. To show possession for a singular word, put an ’s at the end of the word. However, if the word ends in s, put an ’s or an ’at the end. †¢ Corporal Lake’s rifle is clean. †¢ Corporal Harris’s rifle is clean. †¢ Corporal Jones’ rifle is clean. To show possession for a plural word that ends in s, put ’ at the end. For a plural word that does not end in s, put ’s at the end. The corporals’ rifles are clean. †¢ The fire alarm is on the wall next to the men’s locker room. To show two people or groups possess the same object, put ’s or ’ at the end of the second person or group, depending on the singular or plural case. †¢ Sergeant P epper and Corporal Lake’s room is clean. †¢ The sergeants and corporals’ billeting building is clean. To show two people or groups possess different objects, put ’s or ’ at the end of both names or groups, depending on the singular or plural nature. †¢ Corporal Wilson’s and Private Smith’s uniforms are wrinkled. The sergeants’ and corporals’ rooms are spotless. Note: For any of the above rules, if the second s makes the word difficult to pronounce, use only the apostrophe. Continued on next page General Apostrophe MCI Course 0131K 1-5 Study Unit 1, Lesson 1 Punctuation, Continued Do not use an apostrophe to indicate possession by anything other than persons or animals. †¢ The objective of this letter (not this letter’s objective) †¢ The muzzle of the weapon (not the weapon’s muzzle) Exceptions are in the following table: Expressions of Time a week’s leave a month’s stay Colon Apos trophe with Possessive Objects Expressions of Value fifty dollars’ worth a nickel’s worth Set Expressions or Idioms a hair’s breadth a snowball’s chance Use a colon (:) †¢ To introduce a list Attendees must bring the following items: notepad, pen, pencil, and a three-ring binder. †¢ Before an explanation Our mess hall is very convenient for lunch: The line always moves fast. Note: Capital letter on â€Å"The†Ã¢â‚¬â€it begins a complete sentence. †¢ Before a direct quotation When questioned, the captain reverted to the standard answer: â€Å"No comment. † Note: Capital letter on â€Å"No†Ã¢â‚¬â€it begins a quotation. †¢ In the salutation of a business letter Dear Ms. Jones: Continued on next page MCI Course 0131K 1-6 Study Unit 1, Lesson 1 Punctuation, Continued Use a hyphen (-) to connect elements of certain compound words. This table (derived from MCI Course 0119H, Punctuation) lists some of the more common rules: Rule Use a hyphen in compound adjectives that precede a noun but not in those that follow nouns. Example The weapons of twentieth-century warfare differ greatly from those of the nineteenth century. Hyphens Note: The noun is warfare. In a series of hyphenated adjectives The report must contain short- and with the same second word, you may long-range plans. mit that word (but not the hyphen) in all but the last adjective of the series. Use a hyphen after the prefix all-, Senator-elect Stephens will be the ex-, self- , quasi-, and before the guest speaker at the all-important suffix -elect. seminar on self-control. Use a hyphen if a compound word Sun Tzu was a pre-eminent (not would otherwise create a double preeminent) theorist on war. vowel, a triple consonant, or a word that would be difficult to pronounce. Use a hyphen to write out fractions One hundred thirty-four Marines in words and to write out whole (one-half of the company) attended numbers from 21 to 99. he safety class. Semicolon Use a semicolon (;) to separate items that contain commas. Here are some examples: †¢ The guest speakers were Colonel Williams, an OIF veteran; Sergeant Major Jones, an OEF veteran; and First Sergeant Smith, a Desert Storm veteran. †¢ The itinerary will include visits to Des Moines, Iowa; Omaha, Nebraska; and Sioux Falls, South Dakota. Continued on next page MCI Course 0131K 1-7 Study Unit 1, Lesson 1 Punctuation, Continued Rewrite the following sentences using correct punctuation in the spaces provided. Check your answers against the solutions at the bottom of the page. This directives purpose is to outline the steps for completing the AA Form. ______________________________________________________________ _________ _____________________________________________________ †¢ Thirty-three Marines violated the colonels order not to consume alcohol. ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Practice Practice Solutions Check your answers against these solutions. †¢ The purpose of this directive is to outline the steps for completing the AA Form. The â€Å"directive† is neither a person nor an animal and does not qualify to receive an apostrophe to possess â€Å"purpose. † You must rewrite the sentence. †¢ Thirty-three Marines violated the colonel’s order not to consume alcohol. â€Å"Thirty-three† is a whole number between 21 and 99 so it is correctly written with a hyphen. The colonel possesses the â€Å"order† and needs an apostrophe to indicate that. Practice Summary If you changed the sentences using correct punctuation, continue to the next topic. If not, review this topic and take the challenge again. MCI Course 0131K 1-8 Study Unit 1, Lesson 1 Capitalization There are far too many capitalization rules to cover each one in detail. This lesson will cover a few. You can find more rules and examples in the U. S. Government Printing Office Style Manual or in MCI Course 0119H, Punctuation. Always capitalize the first letter of the first word of a sentence. †¢ The telephone is on the desk. †¢ Tomorrow is another day. First Letter of Direct Quotation General First Letter of Sentence Capitalize the first letter of the first word of a direct quotation if the quotation is a complete sentence. †¢ The colonel said, â€Å"We will taste victory. † †¢ Have you heard the expression, â€Å"death before dishonor? The d in death is not capitalized because the quoted phrase is not a complete sentence. Continued on next page MCI Course 0131K 1-9 Study Unit 1, Lesson 1 Capitalization, Continued The term proper refers to nouns that belong to specific persons, places, or things. This table contains examples of proper nouns: Condition Proper Noun Days, Months, Official Holidays, †¢ Monday and Periods of Time †¢ November †¢ Veteran’s Day †¢ Middle Ages Historic Events †¢ Revolutionary War †¢ World War I †¢ Battle of Second Manassas Military Operations †¢ Operation Enduring Freedom †¢ Operation Iraqi Freedom †¢ Desert Storm Organizations †¢ American Red Cross †¢ Disabled American Veterans †¢ World Health Organization Persons †¢ Archibald Henderson †¢ Al Gray †¢ Lee Trevino Places †¢ Iowa; State of Iowa †¢ Asia †¢ U. S. Capitol building Note: Capitalize the C in Capitol when referring to the building in Washington, DC. †¢ Cherokee †¢ Hispanic †¢ English †¢ Urdu Proper Nouns Races, Ethnicities, and Languages Proper Adjectives Proper adjectives are adjectives derived from proper names. †¢ The American way of life. †¢ The Eastern United States is heavily populated. Continued on next page MCI Course 0131K 1-10 Study Unit 1, Lesson 1 Capitalization, Continued Always use a capital letter for a military rank or civilian title when preceding a name, but not general references. †¢ The colonel asked Captain Jones to meet with Mayor Smith this afternoon about the governor’s visit to the base. †¢ I questioned Mr. Smith about missing his doctor’s appointment with Dr. Jones. Capitalize titles that follow or replace a person’s name if the title is one of high distinction. †¢ George W. Bush, President of the United States †¢ The President of the United States or Mr. President †¢ General Hagee, Commandant of the Marine Corps Do not capitalize titles that are not of high distinction. Master Sergeant Johnson, treasurer of the club †¢ Mr. John Smith, executive secretary Military Abbreviations Titles In official military correspondence, capitalize all letters of authorized abbreviations (with periods). Words and Definitions accept: to believe or to receive except: to exclude affect: to influence (verb) effect: the result of an action (noun) or the act of causing change (noun) capital: official seat (city) of government or asset (money or property) or upper-case letter or extremely serious capitol: building for state legislature it’s: it is its: belonging to it lose: to be deprived of loose: free, not fastened personal: belonging to a particular person personnel: body of people in an organization or office concerned with the body of people in an organization their: belonging to them there: in, to, or toward that place they’re: they are than: to show comparison or an alternative then: a reference to time (past or future) or in that case; accordingly or in addition; moreover The war had a despairing effect on him, but it did not affect me the same way. West Virginia opened its first capitol building eight years after Charleston was named the state capital. It’s ti me for the committee to release its report. You might lose your shoe if you don’t tighten that loose shoestring. Do not leave personal belongings in the waiting area of the personnel office. When Bob and June get there, they’re going to realize their tickets are still on the coffee table. I saw the rifle range results and then realized I scored lower than the average. Additional Help Enroll in MCI Course 0118K, Spelling, or look in a desktop dictionary for more help with spelling.